Overview
SS-31 is classified as a mitochondrial peptide peptide. Energy, recovery, neuroprotection.
Mitochondrial protection. Selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it stabilizes cardiolipin for efficient electron transport chain function.
Also known as: Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131
Category
Mitochondrial Peptide
Half-Life
4h
Route
SubQ
FDA Status
Not Approved
How Does SS-31 Work?
Mitochondrial protection. Selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it stabilizes cardiolipin for efficient electron transport chain function.
At the molecular level, SS-31 operates through pathways characteristic of the Mitochondrial Peptide class, interacting with target receptors and downstream signaling cascades to produce its observed effects.
Published Research
The following studies are indexed from PubMed and peer-reviewed journals:
[1]SS-31 (Elamipretide) clinical trials overview
Szeto (Br. J. Pharmacol.): Comprehensive review of elamipretide mechanism and clinical trial results in heart failure, mitochondrial myopathy, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Evidence: moderate[2]Elamipretide stabilizes cardiolipin and cristae structure
Birk et al. (Pharmaceuticals): Detailed mechanism review showing elamipretide binds cardiolipin, stabilizes mitochondrial cristae, reduces ROS, and improves oxidative phosphorylation.
Evidence: preclinical[3]Elamipretide attenuates age-related cardiac protein modifications
Study demonstrating elamipretide can reverse age-associated post-translational heart protein modifications, restoring mitochondrial function in aged cardiac tissue.
Evidence: preclinical[4]Elamipretide improves mitochondrial dysfunction and memory impairment
SS-31 improves LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and memory impairment in mice via BDNF signaling regulation.
Evidence: preclinical[5]Elamipretide rescues muscle force and cardiac function in aging
Treatment improves ADP sensitivity in aged mitochondria by increasing ANT uptake, rescuing skeletal muscle force and cardiac systolic function.
Evidence: preclinicalSafety Profile
Well-tolerated in multiple Phase 2/3 trials. Granted Fast Track and Orphan Drug designations by FDA.
| Side Effect | Incidence | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Well-tolerated in Phase 2/3 trials | No serious adverse events reported | mild |
| Injection site reaction | ~5% of users | mild |
Sourcing SS-31 for Research
If you're looking to source SS-31 for laboratory research, our vendor directory compares pricing, purity testing, and COA verification from independently vetted suppliers.
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Full Research Profile
SS-31 — dosing, interactions, timelines & more
Comprehensive compound profile with sourcing information, stacking synergies, and outcome timelines.