Malinda et al. demonstrate Tβ4 promotes wound healing via enhanced reepithelialization, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and keratinocyte migration in animal models.

Smart et al. (Nature) show Tβ4 activates endogenous cardiac progenitor cells, initiating myocardial and vascular regeneration after systemic administration in mice.

Phase I clinical trial demonstrates recombinant Tβ4 is well-tolerated at multiple IV doses in healthy volunteers, with no dose-limiting toxicities or serious adverse events.

Tβ4 accelerates dermal healing in normal, diabetic, steroid-treated, and aged animal models. Phase 2 results show modest efficacy in venous stasis and pressure ulcers.

Wei et al. show Tβ4 reduces scar formation post-myocardial infarction by inhibiting ROCK1 signaling, promoting neovascularization, and activating cardioprotective pathways.